The cliffs and jutting pinnacles were once sediments of an inland lake. About ten million years ago, vertical tectonic movements pushed the entire region out of the sea at a sloping angle.
The weathering and erosion that followed formed the towering outcrops that now vault heavenwards.
By the 14 th century, the Byzantine power of the Roman empire was on the wane and the Turkish invasions began to threaten Christianity. The monks seeked a safe haven to protect their religion and especially the ancient Coptic scriptures. The inaccessibility of the rocks of Meteora made this area an ideal retreat.
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